"This book is a first introduction to some of the many aspects of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). It is intended for those who must learn about ISDN, but feel intimidated by all of the technical jargon commonly found in the current literature. This book will define ISDN terms and explain concepts, allowing the reader to better understand the standards and current literature, as well as vendor's implementation and application specifications.
This book will provide broad coverage to explain what ISDN is, define relevant terms and concepts, describe pertinent standards and protocols, and discuss some of the current ISDN issues, services, trials, and products. In that way, it will serve as a first step in the reader's process of learning about the many aspects of ISDN.
It can be argued that consumers are not interested in technology, but rather in solutions to their problems. In data and telecommunications today, these issues are becoming increasingly inseparable. To truly understand all of the available communications solutions and choose the correct strategy for a given environment and application, there must also be some understanding of the underlying technology. This book will help the reader to get started on that understanding of ISDN.
Much has happened in the evolution of ISDN since this book, and the subsequent edition, were published. Not only have "narrowband" ISDN standards, products, and services evolved and matured, but applications have grown and ISDN is finally beginning to realize its promise. Of even more significance, perhaps, is the emergence of Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) technologies and services. B-ISDN received passing mention in the first edition of this book and at least one dedicated chapter plus prominent mention in other chapters in the second edition; this treatment was pretty much consistent with what details of B-ISDN were know at the time of the writing. In this edition, B-ISDN occupies a significant portion of the book.
ISDN is an important technology and an important evolution for the telecommunications industry. It is also timely and rapidly moving. This third edition adds more up-to-date information about ISDN products and services, and offers a new focus on B-ISDN services.
(From the Preface)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface Acknowledgments How to Use This Book Introduction A Definition of ISDN The Forces Driving ISDN ISDN Integrated Access ISDN Digital Services What ISDN Is and Isn't Where to From Here Chapter 1: Telecommunications Background for ISDN Communications Basics Analog and Digital Signals Amplifiers and Repeaters Structure of the Telephone Network The Pre-Divestiture Network The Post-Divestiture Network Passband and Bandwidth The Telephone Local Loop Multiplexing Digital Telephony The Move to a Digital Telephone Network Digitizing Voice and Pulse Code Modulation The Digital TDM Hierarchy Digital Signals on the Local Loop Full-Duplex Communication on the Local Loop Types Of Switched Networks Circuit Switching Packet Switching Fast Packet Technologies Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model OSI Layers Packet Switching and X.25 Protocol Architectures Chapter 2: ISDN Terms, Definitions, and Standards ISDN Channels The D-Channel The B-Channel H-Channels Access Interfaces Basic Rate Interface Primary Rate Interface Functional Devices and Reference Points ISDN Functional Devices ISDN Reference Points B-ISDN Channels, Functional Devices, and Reference Points Standards Organizations The ITU-T The American National Standards Institute Bellcore The European Telecommunications Standards Institute Other Standards Organizations Industry Consortia Summary Chapter 3: Overview of ISDN Services Service Requirements ISDN Services Bearer Services and Attributes Information Transfer Attributes Access Attributes General Attributes and Supplementary Services Teleservices Broadband Services Sample Service Profiles Bearer Service Categories Bearer Service Requirements for the United States Final Comments Summary Chapter 4: ISDN Protocol Architecture Protocol Planes Protocols, Channels, and Reference Points Summary Chapter 5: Physical Layer Protocols The Basic Rate Interface ITU-T Recommendation I.430 (S/T Reference Point) Topology Physical Connector and Power Line Code and Frame Format Initializing the BRI Link ANSI T1.601 (U Reference Point) Non-2B1Q U Reference Point Standards Alternate Access Facilities BRI Summary Primary Rate Interface The 1.544-Mbps (1544-kbps) interface The 2.048-Mbps (2048-kbps) Interface PRI Support of Nx64 and H-Channels Summary Chapter 6: The D-Channel Data Link Protocol Link Access Procedures on the D-Channel LAPD Frames Flags and Zero-Bit Insertion The Control Field and LAPD Frame Types LAPD Addressing Special Features of LAPD Multiplexing, TEIs, and SAPIs SAPI and TEI Definitions TEI Management System Parameters and Timers Contention in the Point-to-Multipoint Configuration LAPB and LAPD Summary Chapter 7: The D-Channel Layer 3 Protocol Layer 3 User-Network Signaling Message Format Protocol Discriminator Call Reference Message Type Other Information Elements Basic Circuit-Mode Calls Setting a Profile Connecting the Call Disconnecting the Call Basic Packet-Mode and Frame-Mode Calls Circuit-Mode Access to Remote Packet Handlers B-Channel Access to the ISDN Virtual Circuit Service D-channel Access to the ISDN Virtual Circuit Service Frame-Mode Calls Controlling and Invoking Supplementary Services The Keypad Protocol The Feature Key Management Protocol The Functional Protocol The Human-Network Interface in the ISDN Era Numbering and Addressing Telephone Numbers PSPDN Numbering ISDN Numbers and Addresses Summary Chapter 8: Packet and Frame Mode Bearer Services X.25 Packet-Mode Services X.31 Case A X.31 Case B X.25 Call Example Frame-Mode Bearer Services Frame-Mode Data Link Layer Protocol FMBS Protocol Architecture Frame Relay Frame-Mode Call Control Summary Chapter 9: National ISDN National ISDN National ISDN Definition The Goal of National ISDN Initial Players National ISDN Focus National ISDN-1 National ISDN-2 National ISDN-3 The Future of National ISDN Summary Chapter 10: Signaling System No. 7 Network Signaling Systems In-band Signaling Out-of-Band Signaling Common Channel Signaling CCS Network Components CCS Signaling Modes ITU-T Signaling Systems No. 6 and No. 7 SS7 Protocol Overview Message Transfer Part MTP Level 1 MTP Level 2 MTP Level 3 Signaling Connection Control Part User and Application Parts ISDN User Part Transaction Capabilities Application Part Operations, Maintenance, and Administration Part B-ISDN Signaling Summary SS7 Services 800 Services Other Data-Based Services Private Network Access to SS7 Custom Local Area Signaling Services Advanced Intelligent Networks Summary Chapter 11: ISDN Applications ISDN Applications Overview North American ISDN Users' Forum Specific ISDN Applications Core ISDN Applications Additional Applications ISDN in Use Today Summary Chapter 12: ISDN Implementations Interface Configurations in the United States Primary Rate Configurations Basic Rate Configurations ISDN Services Offered in the U.S. Bearer Service Offerings Circuit-Mode Services Sub-DS0 Rate Adaption and Inverse Multiplexing Circuit-Mode on the B-Channel Circuit-Mode on the H-channel Packet-Mode Services Packet-Mode on the D-channel (Low Speed Packet) Packet-Mode on the B-channel (High Speed Packet) Packet-Mode on the H-channel (Wideband Packet) Frame Mode Services Case A Access to Frame Relay Case B Access to Frame Relay Supplemental Service Offerings Circuit-Mode Options Packet-Mode Options Teleservice Offerings Voice/Video Based Teleservices Data Based Teleservices Provisioning Options in the U.S. National ISDN Ordering Codes ISDN Service Availability Database ISDN Anywhere ISDN Activity In The U.S. Local Exchange Carrier Activity Interexchange Carrier Activity Tariffs International Implementations of ISDN Canada Mexico Brazil Europe Belgium France Germany United Kingdom Russia Japan Other International Activity Summary Chapter 13: ISDN Products Local Exchange Equipment AT&T 5ESS Nortel (Northern Telecom) DMS-100 Other ISDN Switches Line Termination Equipment and Extenders On-Premises Switching and Multiplexing PBXs ISDN Concentrators, Gateways, and Multiplexers Integrated Services Local Area Network/Isochronous Ethernet ISDN Terminal Equipment Terminal Adapters ISDN Chip Sets Test Equipment Media Testing Protocol Monitoring and Testing Switch Simulators Test Facilities Applications Software Summary Chapter 14: Introduction to Broadband and Fast Packet Services Why Do We Need Broadband Services? The Need for Speed Broadband Applications The B-ISDN Challenge Fast Packet Switching Frame Relay Cell Relay and ATM Time-Division Multiplexing Cell Relay Asynchronous Transfer Mode Final Comments Chapter 15: Frame Relay Concepts and Protocols Frame Relay Basics Frame Relay Definition Protocol Architecture Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits Frame Relay Standards LAPF Protocol Basics Frame Relay and X.25 LAPF Frame Format Data Link Connection Identifiers Frame Relay Procedures Committed Information Rate and Class of Service Parameters Congestion in a Frame Relay Network Explicit Congestion Notification Implicit Congestion Notification Consolidated Link Layer Management PVC Management Procedures Multicast Service Customer Network Management The Network-to-Network Interface Other Extensions to Frame Relay Summary Chapter 16: Frame Relay Call Control Signaling The Need For Switched Virtual Circuits Frame Relay SVC Call Control Q.933 Case A Q.933 Case B FRF SVC Implementation Agreement Summary Chapter 17: Frame Relay Applications, Products, and Services Frame Relay Application Issues Frame Relay Products FRADs Bridges/Routers Switches PC and Host Interfaces Protocol Analyzers Applications Software Frame Relay Services Service Providers Internet Services Providers Supporting Frame Relay Access Frame Relay Over ISDN Summary Chapter 18: ATM Concepts and Protocols ATM Standards, Terms, and Concepts ATM Standards Development Interfaces and Functional Devices ATM Connections Cell Size B-ISDN Protocol Architecture B-ISDN Physical Layer Physical Layer Functions Media Options Cell Transport on Digital Carriers Transmission Format for SONET/SDH The ATM Layer Cell Header and ATM Layer Overview Generic Flow Control Virtual Path and Channel Identifiers Payload Type Discrimination Loss Priority Indication Bit Error Detection and Cell Delineation Traffic Management and Congestion Control The ATM Adaptation Layer AAL Protocol Types and Service Classes AAL Protocol Overview AAL Type 1 AAL Type 2 AAL Types 3 and 4 AAL Type 5 The Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol Delivered Bit Rates With Cell-Based Protocols Frame-Based ATM Access Protocols The ATM Data Exchange Interface Frame User-to-Network Interface Other ATM Services Work-in-Progress Interworking With Frame Relay Interworking With ISDN Concluding Remarks Chapter 19: ATM Signaling Across the UNI DSS 2 Protocol Overview SAAL DSS 2 Network Layer DSS 2 Messages and Formats Protocol Discriminator Call Reference Message Type Message Length Other Information Elements Contents of Information Elements Examples ATM Host Addressing Signaling Channels Call Setup Examples Point-to-Point Call Setup and Release Point-to-Multipoint Call Setup Multiple Connection Call Setup and Termination Connectionless Services Interworking Concluding Comment Chapter 20: ATM Applications, Products, & Services Applications Business and Consumer Applications The North Carolina Information Highway Products ATM Application Environments ATM Switching Principles Blocking Switch Fabrics Buffering Methods Other Switch Characteristics Product Examples Switches LAN Hubs Routers ATM DSUs End-System Adapter Cards ATM Chips ATM Protocol Test Equipment Services Concluding Comments Chapter 21: Switched Multimegabit Data Service Overview and Background SMDS Interfaces and Service Features Protocol Interfaces and Network Components Service Features Address Screening Source Address Validation Performance and Quality of Service Objectives Line Rates and Access Classes SMDS Customer Network Management SMDS User Access Protocols User Information Transfer (SIP L3) Cell-Based Access at SIP L2 DQDB-based SIP L2 ATM and SIP L2 SIP Level 1 Data Exchange Interface Frame-Based Access to SMDS SMDS Applications SMDS Products Switches Bridges and Routers SMDS DSUs Adapter Cards Chip Sets Protocol Test Equipment SMDS Service Offerings SMDS Deployment Phases Service Offerings and Cost Elements Summary Chapter 22: ISDN, B-ISDN, and the Internet Accessing The Internet: Why And How? Why Use the Internet? Access Options Choosing the Type of Access Connection ISDN Access to the Internet Frame Relay Access to the Internet SMDS and the Internet ATM and the Internet ISDN, B-ISDN, and Internet Protocols TCP/IP Overview IP and ISDN IP Over ISDN in Circuit-Mode IP Over ISDN in Packet-Mode IP and Frame Relay IP and SMDS IP and ATM Network Management Summary Chapter 23: Digital Subscriber Line Technologies (xDSL) Setting the Stage Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Technology Overview Applications Products, Services, and Trials ADSL and ISDN Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL) Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) Technology Overview Applications Open Issues and Futures High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) Single Line, Or Symmetric, Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL) Other Related Technologies Cable Modems 56-kbps Modems Summary Appendix A: Abbreviations and Acronyms Appendix B: ISDN and B-ISDN Specifications ITU-T Recommendations I-Series (ISDN) Recommendations Q-Series (Signalling) Recommendations Related to ISDN, B-ISDN, and SS7 X-Series (PSPDN) Recommendations Related to ISDN ANSI T1 Standards and Technical Reports (TR) ADSL Forum ATM Forum Specifications Bellcore Documents ETSI Documents Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreements Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IETF Request For Comments (RFC) North American ISDN Users' Forum SMDS Interest Group Implementation Agreements Appendix C: DSS Network Layer Messages and Information Elements Messages Call Establishment Messages Call Information Phase Messages Call Clearing Messages Miscellaneous Messages Point-to-Multipoint Messages Information Elements Appendix D: ISDN Information Resources Sources of Recommendations, Implementation Agreements, Standards, and Other Specifications ISDN Resources On The Internet Internet Discussion Lists and USENET Newsgroups Internet Information Servers Glossary of ISDN-Related Terms References Index